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Portfolio Evaluation

When it came to producing my portfolio for the course, it was important to me that each piece of work submitted, was completed to the best of my ability; meeting all outstanding deadlines for the coursework. The portfolio I have created is comprised of a textual analysis, location report, screenplay with annotated shot types and finally the 9 key stills for my prequel. There were several reasons for the production of the screenplay. The purpose of it was to communicate the resolution of a prequel to my selected film, Source Code. A reason for doing this was because it links strongly to my macro area of narrative, which I explored in the textual analysis. My focus of the textual analysis were the films Mr Nobody and Source Code. With this in mind, I felt it would be more appropriate to create a prequel to one of these films, allowing for a more effective connection to the narrative. Through the use of my script, I tried to explore additional aspects of my thesis statement, communicated in my textual analysis. This was about how both films conform and defy to the classic hollywood narrative; in addition to adapting in various ways, in order to meet the needs of the postmodern audience.

Whilst creating my 9 key stills, the aim was to capture the iconic moments expressed in my screenplay. These moments would also need to reflect the narrative aspects of the films I explored in my textual analysis. In some cases they act as a display of my understanding and knowledge of the narrative in the film Source Code. I feel I accomplished this through several means. The first being my selection of location. As the scene is a hostage scenario, I felt the key to the location was to reinforce the concept, by acting as a realistic representation of the events that occur throughout. Promoting a more realistic scenario, makes it more believable. The reason I tried to make it as believable as possible, was to ensure the audience is more inclined to follow the narrative being communicated in the scene. If a realistic vibe is not established, people are less likely to hold interest. Through the use of costumes and actors, I was able to create characters you would feel sympathy for, and even those you grew to hate. For example, the henchman’s sadistic facial expressions and use of a pistol, helps in establishing the audiences desire for retribution and his portrayal as a character to fear. The hostages on the other hand emit a sense of sympathy, by putting bags over their heads and cable ties to bind their hands. The sympathy is generated on the basis it renders them defenseless and in a position of weakness. The same can be said about the camera angles used. Especially in key still four, the low angle emphasizes the henchman’s height in relation to the kneeling hostage. This communicates power over the hostage, another feature which places the hostage in a position of weakness.

In order to communicate the knowledge gained from the textual analysis further, I expanded on already existing narrative threads; located within the film Source Code. One example of this in the key stills is through the use of props, under the micro aspect, misc-en-scene. This is demonstrated by train blueprints in key still seven, used by the terrorist in the original film to destroy the Chicago train. Narrative threads have also been conveyed by using pre-established characters in the screenplay, such as Dr Rutledge and Derek Frost. This corresponds with my thesis statement, on the basis the audience connects the character’s actions in the prequel, with their previous personas established in the original film. In this scenario, Rutledge is conveyed more so as a villainous character, by playing on his strong ambitions for the Source Code project to succeed. In this scenario, it is used to promote his ambition as impatience rather than a positive quality for the greater good, but more self-gain purposes. In doing this ensures the thriller genre follows from the original film, into the prequel. It brings to light new information, causing the audience to question what they already know, and leaves them guessing how the scene will progress and end; this way meeting the demands of a more sophisticated postmodern audience. Similarly to Source Code, the prequel resolution makes the audience piece together the situation as the scene’s scenario develops. 

The location report was essential in determining the most suitable and accessible location, for the 9 key stills. It was important that the location matched the setting described within the screenplay as closely as possible. After scouting many areas in and around Dartford for a suitable location, I came to the decision that an empty warehouse in Gravesend was the closest in description. The best features were the overhead metal walkway, which allowed for alternative high angle shots (as seen in key still 8), as well as the large open space for flexibility in reference to the placement of actors; in addition to promoting an eery atmosphere. Only when creating the location report, did the aspect of lighting come to my attention. This allowed me to make decisions on specific matters in relation to the production of the 9 key stills, such as the time of day to take the photographs, and the use of a floodlight to emphasize the surrounding darkness. After evaluating what the limitations would be with the location, I found it more practical to alter segments of the screenplay than try to apply these features. These were things such as having to run the floodlight cable up into the walkway, as there were no functional sockets on the ground floor. Another alteration that needed to be made was the actual use of the flood light, as the fluorescent lighting in the warehouse wasn’t effective enough, leaving some characters in darkness. The main benefit of creating a location report was that it allowed the creation of the key stills and development of the screenplay much easier. It highlighted any complications, instead of having to encounter them on the day and try to work around them.

I believe the final screenplay and 9 key stills have been very successful in achieving the aims they set out to. The main aim being the communication of my macro element (narrative) found in the textual analysis. They also demonstrate my understanding of narrative, by including the key components needed to generate an effective narrative that corresponds with the film Source Code. In my opinion, they could have been improved by spending more time in the planning stage, to ensure no errors would have occurred. This is in relation to small continuity errors present in other key stills I could have used, but couldn’t as a result of this. In conclusion however, I see the overall portfolio as a great success, and am very pleased with the outcome.            

Final Textual Analysis Draft

“We cannot change the cards we are dealt, just how we play the hand.” In light of this statement, the assignment will compare and contrast the narrative of two thrillers; Mr Nobody (2009) directed by Jaco Van Dormael, and Source Code (2011) directed by Duncan Jones. Through analysis of the films narrative, we see how it differs from the classical narrative structure of other films. In the film Source Code, the audience witnesses the experiences of the protagonist known as Colter Stevens. He is being used by a military program to help determine the identity of a train bomber. This is accomplished through a reoccurring simulation of the same event, where he slowly pieces together various details which lead him to the killer. The film Mr Nobody follows the life of a man called Nemo Nobody. It captures the various choices Nemo makes over his lifetime, but also the different scenarios as a result of alternative choices. To act as a point in time to show where Nemo currently is, the audience is referred back to the future in which Nemo is the last mortal on Earth. It becomes apparent in both films that our choices play a vital role in where we end up. This is shown through the experiences and actions of our protagonists. Exploring the narrative of these films communicates the character roles, the problems they must overcome, what lessons are learnt, how the audience is affected and the meaning of the films features through the analysis of key scenes.

In both Source Code and Mr Nobody the characters are faced with several problems to overcome. In Source Code, Colter Stevens is faced with the dilemma of doing as the military instructs him, under the false belief he can go home when his mission is accomplished. The main problem he faces is the threat of another terrorist strike, if he fails to locate and determine the identity of the train bomber. This is demonstrated in the scene when Derek Frost (The Terrorist) speaks to Colter in the car park. When Derek begins to speak about “rubble”, Colter is left on the ground bleeding from a wound, which Derek inflicted. In this sequence the camera uses a low angle shot, which could be used to convey the idea that it is from the point of view of Colter, relating these problems to him. In filming the shot from a low angle, also communicates Derek’s power over Colter in the current scenario, making Derek the focus of his problems to overcome. In overcoming this problem, he must put the needs of others before his own to accomplish his goals. In this respect, it follows the stereotypical narrative structure, portraying the protagonist as someone willing to sacrifice themselves. By establishing the characters in the middle of a virtual scenario, causes the audiences to believe it is reality for the characters. This is one of the features that breaks the structure of a classical narrative. In breaking this structure links strongly to my macro aspect of Narrative, through keeping the concept fresh and making the audience think about the order of the plot.

In Mr Nobody it becomes apparent that each and every choice Nemo makes, determines the next stage of his life. With this idea in mind, it is in fact Nemo’s choices that generate the problems he must overcome. The main problem that the narrative revolves around is Nemo’s dilemma of choosing whether to stay with his father or leave with his mother. We see this in the sequence towards the end when Nemo talks of the chess move known as “Zugzwang”.  The sequence recaps over the future events that could happen, highlighting the problems each path has such as getting shot, being in a coma or even drowning in a car. The audience becomes aware of the different paths, through the use of train tracks to illustrate the choice between his mother and his father. This reveals to the audience that every path Nemo takes leads to a bad end. In recapping over these events previously seen in the film, highlights the many problems Nemo has to overcome. In the end Nemo conquers this dilemma by not choosing a parent, but in fact running off into the distance, a third pathway. This links back to the phrase in the sequence “Zugzwang”. When the only viable move, is not to move. In terms of narrative, the story is established on many paths that do not exist, except for in the imagination of a child. In following multiple story lines within one film is unlike the classic narrative structure. It is similar to Source Code in the way that both films defy classical narrative structure through the use of establishing the audience in scenarios that do not exist.                   

Through encountering these problems, the characters learn various lessons that they can use throughout the rest of their lives. Colter Stevens learns that what has already happened cannot be changed, but that he can learn from the past and apply it to future scenarios. This is referring to the many attempts of the Source Code simulation. An ethical lesson that is brought before the audience is whether keeping Colter alive, in a state where he is unable to physically function, is morally right. This is conveyed through the sequence when Colter makes a phone call to his father. Parallel editing is used to compare the character of Colter between two situations, one where he is fully functional and feels emotions, whilst the other he is in a vegetative state, being kept alive to serve the needs of the military. In doing this reinforces the point that it is unique ands keeps the interest of the post-modern audience. The lesson to gain from this is that we should think of the needs of individuals, as well as the needs of a collective.

In Mr Nobody we learn that choices cannot be avoided, nor can we always make the right decision when faced with a choice. It becomes apparent that we should use our basic principles and morals to guide us through life and make the most of it. This is seen in the sequence which talks about “Innate Fears”. It is filmed in the way that the audience interprets the sequence as a scientific television show, to ensure the principles described are related to the rest of the film. The film also reinforces the lesson that the smallest decision can in fact alter the rest of our lives. Another lesson that can be communicated is the idea that the things we perceive to be important, do not actually effect the bigger picture. This is demonstrated through the introduction of the film when the concept of “pigeon superstition” is discussed.

After exploring the problems that must be overcome and the lessons that have been learnt, the audience is affected in several ways. The audience can have mixed feelings towards the film Source Code. It can be viewed as very positive in the way that the terrorist is stopped, and Colter gets to live out a new consciousness with the passenger he falls in love with. The negative outlook is that in reality he dies and has has been manipulated by the military. This brings about the question whether or not it was morally right to keep him alive for the greater good. This is expressed in the sequence towards the end, when Colter has his life support cut off. A freeze frame is used to capture the emotions of everyone on the carriage. In doing this allows the audience to witness the positive impact of Colter’s good deeds, even if they change nothing, it brings piece of mind to Colter. Once the audience recognises this, they can feel sympathy for the protagonist, or even empathy by some who relate to the themselves to characters.

The film Mr Nobody can make the audience relate some of the messages to their own lives and cause them to think a bit more about the consequences of their actions. It also results in the audience questioning their existence, whether or not it is in fact real or just the outcome of a choice which hasn’t been made yet. Two key scenes in Mr Nobody where this can be demonstrated is towards the end when the futuristic society begins to collapse and when Nemo discusses “Entropy”. In collapsing the surroundings of Nemo and the journalist, causes the audience to realise that it never even existed. Throwing a twist in follows the stereotypical thriller narrative, but the twist questioning existence itself adds a unique spin to both films. This shows how the thriller genre has developed from thrillers such as Vertigo, to what they are present day.

In conclusion, both films use a unique technique to communicate narrative. It becomes apparent that the Thriller genre has changed over time, in order to fit the needs of a post-modern audience. To help understand the new technique the two Thriller films have adopted, a sophisticated audience is required. The key plot point of the film Source Code is the terrorist threat on the train in Chicago, America; brining to mind previous non-fictional terrorist attacks. It contributes to a positive resolution in the sense the terrorist is apprehended and retribution is achieved, promoting the stereotypical message that America will always triumph against terrorism. A specific situation the film could link to is the pipe bomb planted at Spokane, Washington in 2011, the same year the film was released. Created to catch innocent civilians in the blast; the bomb was described as “a viable device” but was successfully defused. This situation runs parallel to certain aspects of the Source Code narrative. Mr Nobody can relate to societies development in the field of science allowing people to live longer, and how our choices are contributing to become a society like the one portrayed in the film. In relation to the films development of the Thriller genre, the reason it is done is to make the audience draw conclusions and thoughts towards characters and plot developments, keeping the audience captivated throughout the film. In making the audience interact more with the film, begins to link to the realm of video gaming, where the individual can contribute to deciding the actions of the character and plot. 

Location Report

The following images are of the location I will use, when it comes to making my creative artefact. This is ideal as there is fluorescent lighting which supports the hostage scenario depicted in my prequel of Source Code. It is also made up of a wide open space, to ensure the focus of the audience remains on the actors and the dialogue; but the eery atmosphere remains. Instead of being completely open, the walkway on the upper level adds a bit of character to the location e.g. a possible abandoned warehouse or condemned building.

The location is an empty warehouse in Gravesend off from Denton Wharf. It is approximately 1 mile from Gravesend town center.

     

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The photographs taken are during the daytime, but the scene will take place at night. The room will be illuminated by a flood light. In doing this, makes for a more effective lighting scheme in relation to the scenario/situation. I will also set dress the location in several ways; through adding a plastic chair for the henchman, cables across the walkway and various strategically placed items such as barrels.

There will be no noise except for dialogue and the gunshots. In having several moments of elongated silence, helps in establishing a threatening and creepy atmosphere. Relating to health and safety and the location, we have to be careful when using the walkway above for photographs, in the event that one of us falls or if panels and railing are loose.    

Screenplay with Shot Types and Annotations

9 Key Stills of the Film "Guided Kismet"

The following images are the nine key stills I have selected, to act as a visual aid for my screenplay. They capture the main events that occur throughout; incorporating costumes and the location to match, that are described in the screenplay. The scene is of a hostage scenario, in which the hostages are slowly killed off by a sinister henchman, until only one remains. This is Derek Frost, the terrorist in the film Source Code. 

Key Still One

The first image is a close up of the henchman. It displays him in correct attire as described in the script; with the addition of brown leather gloves, to convey a more threatening character.  The actor has adopted a composed powerful stance. This is reinforced by the use of a low angle. Stage directions have also been followed effectively, as he is sitting in the chair back to front, holding the gun in his right hand. In order to present the character as a man to be feared, the appropriate facial expression has been used. In dressing the henchman this way reveals the characters mind set, convey the idea that he takes pride in the way he dresses. Being very formal also tells us he takes his work seriously. 

Key Still Two

This photograph captures the moment when the henchman is about to shoot the young trainee, after removing the cotton sack around his head. The hostages facial express is just after he looks up and stops crying, clinging on to some hope that he is about to be freed. This is the next death to occur after the first hostage. Being a key plot point in this scene, reinforces the idea of cause and effect; the order of events. The lighting here is effective as the flood light hits all the actors, but leaves the rest of the room in darkness. This helps to promote an eery atmosphere.      

Key Still Three

In this photograph the henchman is clapping and laughing. This makes him more sinister on the basis he takes fun and joy from killing hostages, and being in a position of power over others. It also corresponds with a segment of the screenplay. Being back in the seated position means the henchman is closer to the flood light, which worked out nicely when capturing his stance and emotions.

Key Still Four

This photograph captures the moment when the henchman walks round the back of Derek Frost, before he cuts the cable tie binding his hands together. This is effective as the rest of the room fades into darkness beyond where the henchman is standing. 

Key Still Five

In this photograph, it is at the same point in the screen play as Key Still Four, only taken from a different angle. I felt it was important to include this image as it captures the death and destruction that has occurred throughout the scene. The back wall has some bright features, but it is also very basic, which helps in reinforcing the selected location for the scene.

Key Still Six

Here we see the henchman on the phone to Mr Rutledge. The left hand side of the image has an effective glow of the flood light, while the rest of the room descends into darkness. Talking to Mr Rutledge reintroduces an old character from the original film. It plays on his ambition and portrays him in a new light as someone evil. This links to the narrative of Source Code by changing specific aspects of Classic Hollywood Narrative, such as the three act structure, to meet the needs of a postmodern audience. 

Key Still Seven

The moment portrayed in this image is when Derek Frost has pulled out the plans, of the train and the irregular bomb, from the flask. This is required in the key stills as it strongly reinforces my macro element of narrative, explored in my textual analysis. Being the resolution of a prequel, it is important that it flows nicely into the original film Source Code. I consider this the iconic moment of the film. 

Key Still Eight

This is an aerial shot looking down on the scenario. I feel it is effective as you almost work your way down the image, from focusing on the walkway, across the bodies, and finally to Derek and the henchman; who is currently emptying his gun into the armed guard. Both the barrel and the cables add character to the otherwise open and plain environment. This also reinforces the extent of character motivation through displaying so much death in such a condensed space. 

Key Still Nine

In this photograph we see the henchman putting away his weapon after killing his own armed guard, to ensure there are no witnesses. In doing this develops the character of the henchman, revealing he is a merciless killer, phased by nothing. It also portray Derek Frost as very different to the Derek Frost we see in Source Code, due to the fact he bears a facial expression of fear and remains fixed on the dead body of the armed guard who has just been shot. 

Slideshow

The slideshow below holds the nine key stills in addition to all the other photographs taken on location and in costume:

Screenplay